用^表示乘方，用log(a)(b)表示以a为底，b的对数

*表示乘号，/表示除号

定义式：

若a^n=b(a>0且a≠1)

则n=log(a)(b)

基本性质：

1.a^(log(a)(b))=b

2.log(a)(MN)=log(a)(M)+log(a)(N);

3.log(a)(M/N)=log(a)(M)-log(a)(N);

4.log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)

推导

1.这个就不用推了吧，直接由定义式可得(把定义式中的[n=log(a)(b)]带入a^n=b)

2.

MN=M*N

由基本性质1(换掉M和N)

a^[log(a)(MN)] = a^[log(a)(M)] * a^[log(a)(N)]

由指数的性质

a^[log(a)(MN)] = a^{[log(a)(M)] + [log(a)(N)]}

又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以

log(a)(MN) = log(a)(M) + log(a)(N)

3.与2类似处理

MN=M/N

由基本性质1(换掉M和N)

a^[log(a)(M/N)] = a^[log(a)(M)] / a^[log(a)(N)]

由指数的性质

a^[log(a)(M/N)] = a^{[log(a)(M)] - [log(a)(N)]}

又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以

log(a)(M/N) = log(a)(M) - log(a)(N)

4.与2类似处理

M^n=M^n

由基本性质1(换掉M)

a^[log(a)(M^n)] = {a^[log(a)(M)]}^n

由指数的性质

a^[log(a)(M^n)] = a^{[log(a)(M)]*n}

又因为指数函数是单调函数，所以

log(a)(M^n)=nlog(a)(M)

其他性质：

性质一：换底公式

log(a)(N)=log(b)(N) / log(b)(a)

推导如下

N = a^[log(a)(N)]

a = b^[log(b)(a)]

综合两式可得

N = {b^[log(b)(a)]}^[log(a)(N)] = b^{[log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)]}

又因为N=b^[log(b)(N)]

所以

b^[log(b)(N)] = b^{[log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)]}

所以

log(b)(N) = [log(a)(N)]*[log(b)(a)] {这步不明白或有疑问看上面的}

所以log(a)(N)=log(b)(N) / log(b)(a)

性质二：（不知道什么名字）

log(a^n)(b^m)=m/n*[log(a)(b)]

推导如下

由换底公式[lnx是log(e)(x),e称作自然对数的底]

log(a^n)(b^m)=ln(a^n) / ln(b^n)

由基本性质4可得

log(a^n)(b^m) = [n*ln(a)] / [m*ln(b)] = (m/n)*{[ln(a)] / [ln(b)]}

再由换底公式

log(a^n)(b^m)=m/n*[log(a)(b)]